ED VS. LOGICAL FALLACIES, PART 10: FALSE DILEMMA

Do you ever stop and think about how much easier your life would be if you were willfully ignorant, narrow-minded, and provincial in the extreme in your worldview? The complexity of any issue could be reduced to Good vs. Bad or Black vs. White. As one's appreciation for nuance and complexity asymptotically approaches zero, the reward is the ability to "solve" all of the world's problems in the time allotted for commercial breaks.

False dilemma (a.k.a. "Either/Or" Fallacy) is somewhat incorrectly named because it need not always involve a dilemma. Nevertheless, its basic form is illustrated by two quotes (h/t Non-Seq for the Parker quote):

" And we will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. " – Our Fearless Leader, Joint session of Congress, 9/20/01

"In any case, by the same logic, we might also say that (immigration amnesty) is good for the country because then everyone would be legal. Rather than fix something, we simply accommodate circumstances.

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As in: Kids are having sex anyway, so we'll just give them condoms." – Kathleen Parker, "Incentives Fueling Illegal Immigration" Chicago Tribune 11/7/07

Isn't it precious how Kathleen introduces a patently fallacious bit of reasoning with the phrase "by the same logic"? Keep trying, sweetie. You'll learn how to use the potty eventually. The fallacy in the President's statement is quite obvious; even logically-challenged people recognize that there is some ground between complete, unquestionable American hegemony and bedding down with al Qaeda. So rather than beating that dead horse, let's look more closely at Parker's setup:

The choices are X and Y.
We are not choosing X.
Therefore Y.

Consider, for instance, her "analogy" about teen sex. What is the public interest in preventing kids from having sex? Well, there are social consequences in the form of sexually transmitted diseases and unintended pregnancies. Both of those problems can be virtually eliminated with things like birth control, testing for diseases, condoms, and education. Not so in Kathleen ParkerWorld! Our options are two: stop kids from having sex, or fail to stop them from having sex. That is her sole, cloyingly simplistic answer to everything: it must be stopped.

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Terrorists threatening us? Kill all the terrorists. Teen pregnancies and STDs? Stop kids from boning. Illegal immigrants? Stop illegal immigration. Let's apply her "logic" for a moment: Spraying water on houses that are currently on fire is idiotic – it is "simply accomodating the circumstances." Either we stop house fires from happening or we are effectively doing nothing.

It just….it makes so much sense I can barely stand it. False Dilemma is one of those "brute force" fallacies, the kind employed by either the lazy, the careless, or those whose attention span for sociopolitical issues approximates that of the fruit fly. I suppose that if the complexity of real life overwhelms one's cognitive abilities, creating a simpler one makes a lot of sense.

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HONEST MISTAKES

For the second consecutive day I will not only mention George Will but also tip my hat to him. Don't worry, it's in the context of tearing him a new one.

Kudos to Mr. Will for recommending Curveball by devoting his Nov. 12 column to it. If this book were mandatory reading for every American adult I can guarantee you that we'd avoid the impending aerial fireworks display over Iran. Alas, it is not required reading. But if you feel like being really angry (or have an academic interest in group decision-making along the lines of Scott Plous' Psychology of Judgment and Decision-Making) don't wait another minute to read it.

Good work, George. Unfortunately, even in your best moment you cannot hide what a pedantic, smug, and condescending tool you are. To wit (emphasis mine):

(Curveball) claimed to have been deeply involved in Hussein's sophisticated and deadly science, particularly those notorious mobile labs. Notorious and, we now know, nonexistent.

A few months ago I wrote about the Republican Unburdening of the Soul (RUotS) ritual, for which I have exactly zero patience. The nation is littered with middle-aged white guys who are just so gosh darn upset about this war for which they were mindless cheerleaders in 2002 and 2003. They wander around seeking absolution and loudly speaking of lessons learned. Will is doing the pundit's version – the I Made an Honest Mistake ritual. Put in the uncomfortable position of having to rationalize how they got Iraq so completely, mind-bendingly wrong, pundits' choices are limited. If they're not going to go Bill Kristol (i.e., "Wrong? I'm not wrong!") then the only tactic left is….Well golly, folks, how on Earth was I to know that the entire case for war was based on a mountain of happy horseshit? Will titles his column "Seeing what's not there is a dicey strategy" like a man who speaks from experience. And yet he still won't accept responsibility for it.

Yes, George, "we now know" that the WMD stockpiles and the cartoon drawings of mobile bioweapons labs were nonexistent. Of course there was just no way of knowing that at the time, nor was there even the slightest cause for skepticism. That's odd, given that I recall reading quite a bit about the Judith Miller – Chalabi – Curveball dog & pony show long before the White House sent Uncle Colin's credibility on a kamikaze run to the U.N. We hear a similar, if not identical, argument from Hillary Clinton (and John Kerry in 2004) – "I voted for the war because I believed the President. How on Earth was I to know, or even suspect, that the entire administration is full of shit to the bursting point?" Such rationalizations leave only two possible conclusions: either they (Hillary, Will, etc) are flat-out lying or they are criminally stupid. To expect us to accept that they swallowed the White House's story with less skepticism than the average American uses to shop for a new car is beyond insulting.

My advice to the gentle reader: let no one (columnists or random right-wing acquaintances) wash off the blood so easily. There are 4,000 servicepeople and untold six-figure numbers of Iraqi civilians dead on account of their thundering ignorance. Indulging their quest for forgiveness and accepting "It was an honest mistake based on what we knew at the time!" is simply the most efficient way of ensuring that no one learns anything from this experience – meaning, of course, that we will be repeating it presently.*

So please blow it directly out your ass, Mr. Will. Take your guilt to your grave. There will be ample time for your rationalizations then, and you will need them.

*No, I am not using that incorrectly. "Presently" means, in the classical sense, "imminently."

SELFISH TREES

On Sunday's edition of This Week on ABC, the panelists engaged in a discussion about the overall mood of the electorate in which Cokie Roberts characterized it as "slightly Democratic." Many commentators, for example the folks at Crooks & Liars (where I continue to get good plugs every time Mike, who apparently hates me, goes on vacation and leaves the Round-Up to guest moderators), have mocked Roberts for her biased or flat-out incorrect assessment of the current political landscape. They cite both polls and commentary by well-respected political scientist John Judis as support for the idea of a strongly Democratic swing in the electorate. I will now put myself in the awkward position of defending the likes of George Will and Cokie Roberts.

The C&L author comments, "Um, hello? See that forest, Cokie? It's made of trees." Oh, Cokie sees the trees alright. And she knows quite well how they behave. A year prior to the election they will all voice appropriately loud discontent with the Republicans. They'll talk about how they're tired of the war in Iraq (they are either legitimately sick of it or afraid of looking like a moron for voicing their support for it). They will voice outright hatred for George W. Bush. And they will claim, in the most extreme cases, that they are done with the GOP altogether.

Twelve months from now the election will require action, not just complaining. Complaining is easy and cost-free. People can say whatever the hell they want right now because it doesn't matter. Making a decision will have consequences. It is easy to offer sweeping criticism of the Republicans in 2007, but Cokie understands that when shove comes back to push the Republican Issue of Last Resort – taxes – will sway oh-so-many of these newly discontented suburban Republicans. They have 12 long months to rationalize why voting for Giuliani or whoever is "different" than supporting the incumbent administration. The right-wing media will give them dozens of excuses for why Rudy ain't so bad (or, more likely, why Hillary is Too Horrible to Imagine Let Alone Support).

In those 12 months they'll slowly – and so terribly predictably – decide that they're really against the war in Iraq, but……golly, ducking the Alternative Minimum Tax sure would be sweet. They'll reassure their friends that they really think the GOP is corrupt and incompetent, but…..boy could they use that Capital Gains Tax cut. They value human life, but the sad truth is that they value paying 31% in federal income taxes instead of 33% just a little more.

No, Cokie Roberts is not intelligent. On this point, however, she is either correct by accident or showing a deeper understanding of the selfish, solipsistic trees than her critics realize.

(PS: Apologies to a favorite regular commenter for the political flavor of Friday's NPF)

MAKING THE LEAP

Happy No Politics Friday ™!

So hopefully you'll get as big of a kick out of this as I did. In the 1980s, when America was still in the throes of its "support brutal autocrats as long as they oppose (democratically elected) Marxists" phase, our aid to Nicaraguan Contras took many forms. You're probably familiar with the more salacious aspects of our covert involvement (and somehow Ollie is still wringing a career out of that one big break) but we also tried to make subversives out of ordinary Nicaraguans.

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Enter the CIA-produced leaflet "Freedom Fighter's Manual." Illustrated in a child-like cartoon style, the pamphlet urges ordinary people to topple the Communist oppressors from within through subversive activities like "Dropping typewriters," calling in fake sick days, and making phony hotel reservations. If fake sick days could bring a government to its knees, I would have reduced America to anarchy and a barter economy when I was working in collections.

The best part is how slowly the pamphlet unfolds (pun intended). It starts the reader out with puerile, college dorm style pranks. Then it moves on to damaging property (and a particular obsession with puncturing tires).
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By the final page they're illustrating how to make a Molotov Cocktail, which the reader is instructed to throw into a Police station. That Cold War-era CIA, you've gotta hand it to them. They had tremendous faith in the intellectual abilities of those they tried to brainwash and use. To expect people to make the leap from phony sick days to killing cops in 15 comic book pages is pretty amazing. They also had faith that the citizenry would somehow forget these skills once the Dictator-of-the-Month was back in power.

Then again, that would imply that they thought ahead to the future ramifications of their actions. Snicker.

(Incidentally, and not to creep anyone out here, but that is a terrible way to make a Molotov Cocktail and it stands an excellent chance of setting its user on fire. The rag only gets stuffed into the bottle opening in A) movies and B) CIA manuals. The proper technique involves a sealed container to preclude the possibility of pre-ignition with a robust ignition source like storm matches or a powder wick taped to the bottle.

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Just sayin'.)

THE ELEPHANT MAN

So this is the last time I'm going to dignify David Horowitz's existence. I promise.

You might need to watch this video. D-Ho doesn't like being filmed, so thank the miracle of hidden cameras for this masterpiece. Go ahead, take a few minutes to watch it.
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I'll wait.

Am I misperceiving or is he essentially a circus freak at this point?

Is going to a Horowitz "lecture" driven by the same impulse that makes us click on the headlines about the girl with 8 limbs? Look at that guy. The uncoordinated lumbering back and forth, the ranting, the obsession with conspiracies against him, the talking into the ground or his chest, the complete lack of any coherent structure to his thoughts….this man belongs on a street corner behind a bus station with a colander on his head and a Bo Gritz for President sandwich board. This is starting to raise Wesley Willis-esque questions about whether it is OK to laugh at him when he is so obviously mentally ill.
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This is the sad, sad downside of our collective overreaction to the right-wing industry of manufacturing insidious webs of bias and prejudice against their viewpoints. If we don't let him speak – and in fact if we don't invite him to campus so he can do so on our dime – we're silencing the right.

But if conservatives want to be represented by a man who belongs in the darkened corridor of a state mental institution, picking corn out of his own shit and accusing the nurses of poisoning him, that's just fine by me. The first rule of electoral politics is that when your opponent is tying his own noose, don't interrupt.

ED VS. LOGICAL FALLACIES, PART 9: BEGGING THE QUESTION

While doing some reading on yesterday's topic, and more specifically the Greatest Story Never Told economy since 2001, I came across a slightly old but positively stunning example of a common logical fallacy – begging the question, a.k.a. circular logic. This is simply any argument in which the conclusion is also a premise or precondition of the same.

It has long been an open secret (to anyone who cares to pay attention) that the overwhelming majority of the costs of Bush's economic policies have simply been shifted into the future. In some cases they have been so cynical as to pay for tax cuts and portions of the prescription drug benefit program with line items in the 2009 budget. It's fairly clear, as Leon Panetta states in this article from 2005, that whoever follows Bush into the White House is A) going to have zero ability to implement any sort of domestic agenda, B) going to spend 99% of his/her term dealing with the mess they inherited and C) probably going to be a one-termer. Why? See A and B.

What I find so amazing about that article is a quote from Lindsey Graham which I assume barely registered with most readers.

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If not for James Inhofe, Graham would be the undisputed reigning Biggest Idiot in the Senate (a feat akin to being the dumbest journalism major at Arizona State). We all expect him to say ridiculous things by the dozen. But this takes it to a whole 'nother level (you may need to read the whole article to get the context):

With a fix to the AMT, deficits in a decade would likely reach $650 billion to $700 billion, said Sen. Lindsey O. Graham (R-S.C.). "The days of being everything to everybody are quickly coming to a close," he said, adding that a permanent extension of the Bush tax cuts would make it politically impossible to borrow the full cost of a Social Security fix.
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"We have to look at the deficit in a holistic way."

Wait, what? Social Security must be privatized because we can't keep funding it on the fly….and we can't do that because….George W. Bush has bankrupted the country with half-assed right wing economic policy….such as privatizing Social Security. If you're confused, let me break it down for you.

  • 1. Eight years of neocon fiscal policies and mass privatization have bankrupted the government.
  • 2. Neocon fiscal policies and mass privatization are necessary because the days of government being able to afford things like Social Security are over.

    So let's do an analogy using Graham's "logic." You're in good health. You go to a doctor who insists that you are sick, or about to become sick, and need to start taking massive doses of prescription drugs. You protest, "But I'm fine!" Finally he wears you down and you agree to take the 20 pills per day that he prescribes for you. You become deathly ill. As you stagger back into his office he says "See?
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    I told you that you'd get sick. The only cure is to double the dose.

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    Of everything."

    You've really got to hand it to the supply-siders and Cato Institute types. They kept complaining about how we couldn't afford to have government solve our problems. After 12 years of right-wingers in Congress and the White House, they're right. That's really clever. Telling people that we can't afford the New Deal didn't make much sense until they bankrupted the nation and proved themselves "right."

  • A PORT IN THE COMING STORM

    I lack the time for an in-depth entry today, but please, please take the time to read this (Part I and Part II) discussion of "the greatest story never told."

    You know what I find really ironic about the post-2001 Neocon Economy? It's encouraging people to work for the government. They stand there cheering and rationalizing as one industry after another pulls up its chutes and heads to the third world.
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    Since all of our "economic growth" these days is nothing more than consumer spending dumped on credit cards, the entire matchstick house depends on individuals' ability to service their debt. Losing a decent job and replacing it with a Taco Bell shift won't cut it. So where do we look for stability?

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    Un-outsource-able jobs? Working for the government. Teachers. Cops. Professors. District attorneys. Civil servants. Face it, in another 20 years that's essentially all that will be safe from outsourcing.
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    If today's "knowledge economy" superstars really think that there won't be Indian and Indonesian accountants, lawyers, IT people, etc., ready to take their jobs they're in for a charming surprise.

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    So thanks, Cato Institute! You've gotten your way, and now "the market" is telling us that the best (and perhaps only) bet is the government teat.

    WHY ARGUING IS SO FULFILLING

    One common complaint among political scientists, or those who like complaining about academia, is that so much research has so little to do with real politics. This is not a difficult argument to support; one could easily read a dozen contemporary academic journals and count on one hand the articles that are actually relevant outside of a university setting. As you can imagine, there are two camps on this subject. Some people feel that research is not intended to be popular reading and that it necessarily targets a very small audience. This argument is not without merit. Academic journals are written in a way that presupposes a lot of knowledge on the part of its readers.

    Conversely it is often argued that research, or at least its conclusions, should be somehow applicable to the real world. In other words, you may not care about academic argument nor will you understand all of the statistical jargon/literature reviews in an article but you will be interested to know that the research shows X and Y to be true. I fall firmly in this camp. I believe that the first question to ask of any research agenda is "Will I be able to explain this to an intelligent layperson, and if so will he care?" Of course research cannot be written to the average Jerry Springer audience. But a normal person with an interest in politics and the ability to process arguments above the Sean Hannity level should be able to grasp the implications of your findings.

    From time to time I would like to take the opportunity to share some relevant research with you the gentle readers. I don't care to turn this into an academic blog (believe it or not, there are plenty in every conceivable field of interest) but I think it's important for more people to realize that there is solid empirical support – quantitative and experimental – for many of the things we presume to know about the political landscape. In other words, "Right-wing talk radio badly misinforms people" is not an assumption but rather a well-supported argument.

    Along those lines I would like to recommend one of my favorite pieces of public opinion research, one that goes a long way toward understanding why our national political discourse is one step above a throng of retards slap-fighting in a mud puddle. Jim Kuklinski and Paul Quirk's
    "Reconsidering the Rational Public
    : Cognition, Heuristics, and Mass Opinion" from Elements of Reason (if I link the book they might not punch me for posting a chapter here) is one of the best, most cynical analyses of individual-level public opinion that you will find. While I doubt you're interested in reading 50 pages of it without the benefit of course credit, even a glance at their experimental results (pages 28 and beyond) will be interesting.

    The authors perform a series of lab experiments to measure opinions, information, and how individuals react when their beliefs conflict with facts. They ask the participants to guess what portion of the budget is spent on welfare, offer an appropriate amount to spend on welfare (if it differs), and state how confident they are in their estimations. The findings tell a lot of us what we already know.

    First, the Reagan years of "welfare queen" rhetoric have resulted in nearly every participant significantly overestimating the amount we spend on welfare payments (other forms of public aid were explicitly not included in the discussion). Some guessed amounts as much as 25% of the annual budget. Secondly, and more importantly, people are wildly overconfident in their levels of information. Two of three respondents were either "confident" or "very confident" that their guesses were accurate. The relationship between accuracy and confidence was inverse; that is, the less accurate the guess, the more confident the respondent was in its accuracy.

    If you have a strong stomach you can proceed to the section entitled "Resistance to Correction" (p. 29). Presenting the participants with facts showing that their responses were incorrect had almost no effect on their opinions. Very few of them were willing to revise their positions or retract their previous statements even when the hard facts were put in front of them. In short the beliefs/preferences of participants with no information were indistinguishable from those who were given the facts. There is no relationship between what these people believed and reality. Whether the two coincided or not was irrelevant to the firmness with which they clung to their versions of the facts.

    If you've ever wondered why debating "average people" about…well, about anything is so goddamn fulfilling, I think this type of research does an excellent job explaining it. People aren't "stupid" in the sense that they lack information or access to it (well, that may also be the case but it's beside the point). The truth is much more depressing. It makes absolutely no difference whether or not they have information. Presenting the average American with cold, hard facts disproving his or her beliefs is likely to be of no consequence, especially on issues connected to a set of ideological beliefs or values.

    Our society encourages people to create their own reality, and it is succeeding. Bertrand Russell said "The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt." In the current political landscape we find that the less people know, the more confident they are that they know everything.

    AND SUCH A POOR HOUSING MARKET….

    Life can be imperfect. It's not exactly the best time to be putting a house on the market, but it doesn't appear that Fred Phelps has much of a choice.

    Do these people even have million in assets?

    I mean, after the IRS seizes and auctions off a dozen double-wide trailers and their contents (let's go ahead and assume there are no priceless works of art in the Phelps households) I think the tab is going to be closer to ,000 than million.

    But seriously, kudos to the family and the judge for breaking it off in the Phelps family's ass.

    Morris Dees and the SPLC have bankrupted many a white supremacist using the same tactics, and God smiles every time it happens.

    HISTRIONIC ENDURANCE

    Among the most common criticisms of our political system is the appallingly small amount of time spent debating issues of actual importance.
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    Of course the media bears the lion's share of the responsibility, with 36 hours of OJ Simpson coverage for every 10 minutes of political news (pundits screaming at one another does not count). You already know this and you've heard it all before.

    What amazes me lately is the extent to which talking about absolute nonsense has become the official strategy of the right these days. I am well accustomed to the concept of latching onto anything to divert attention from the trainwreck that is Iraq, but the last couple of weeks have just floored me. As someone else put it, they have refined the Art of the Hissy Fit to an unprecedented degree.

    We have moved in an almost unbroken chain from the Petraeus/MoveOn story to Obama Won't Wear a Flag Pin to Columbia University Hosts Ahmadinejad to Pete Stark's comments to Al Gore Winning the Nobel Prize to Dumbledore is Gay to Islamo-Fascism. Just two solid months of pure, unadulterated, pulled-out-of-asses bullshit non-events. Every one was fabricated out of whole cloth by Drudge or Malkin or O'Reilly or whoever. None of this even remotely qualifies as relevant news.

    I seriously do not know from where the right wing media get the stamina to constantly maintain such a high state of phony moral outrage. How many times can this act be played out before even the dumbest listeners approach fatigue? After so many hissy fits in such rapid succession, Mary Ann from South Dakota must be wondering "Gee Rush, is this really important? I can only write so many angry emails in a day." The fruit fly sized attention span of the talk radio audience should be taxed to the limit soon.

    If I wasn't already convinced that most conservatives are about 4 years old emotionally, this orgy of non-news would be overwhelmingly persuasive. They have literally reduced themselves to stomping their feet, crying, and throwing hysterical temper tantrums every 30 seconds until they get their way.
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    The next time they threaten to hold their breath until we stop at Dairy Queen, I vote for letting them suffocate. I'm more than happy to grab a piano cord and help, in fact.
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